Category: Co-Design

Accessible Museums and Design for All: towards a new alliance between culture, people and design

Accessible Museums and Design for All: towards a new alliance between culture, people and design

 

Rethinking the museum: accessibility as a cultural paradigm

Museum accessibility can no longer be reduced to the mere elimination of physical obstacles or simple compliance with regulations. It now represents one of the most urgent epistemological challenges of contemporary cultural design. In this perspective, Design for All is not just a method but a vision: designing from diversity, taking the plurality of visitors as a generative value rather than an exception to be managed.

Over the past years, European museums have progressively broadened their understanding of accessibility, integrating sensory, cognitive, social and relational dimensions. Yet, the prevailing models often remain fragmented, oriented towards technical interventions and lacking a transferable methodological structure.

An experience that will reshape the Italian landscape

By 2025, our portfolio will include a pioneering experience redefining how accessibility is conceived within museums. A systemic project, developed with 12 Italian museums, involving over 200 stakeholders — from users with disabilities to cultural operators, accessibility experts and public decision-makers.

Structured in six rigorous phases, this initiative has delivered unprecedented outcomes at both national and European level: structured mapping of needs, collective prioritisation, elaboration of meta-design solutions, development of operational guidelines, creation of accessible exhibition concepts, and validation through self-assessment tools.

What we have learned: from co-design to inclusive governance

The most profound lesson lies in recognising that accessibility is not a solution, but a process. A process beginning with genuine listening, strengthened through ethnographic research, and consolidated in tangible outputs transforming every stage of the museum ecosystem: from pre-visit communication to the visitor’s experience, staff training, and organisational practices.

Accessibility is never complete unless accompanied by organisational change. It is not the final product of a project but its generative matrix. It cuts across space, time, language and audience relationships. Accessibility is governance. Accessibility is culture.

Towards the museum as an inclusive platform

The accessible museum, in its most advanced form, emerges as an adaptive cultural platform, generating meanings and relationships for those historically excluded from cultural participation. Within this framework, Design for All proves the most advanced approach to transform inclusion into a design, operational and communication driver.

  • progressive co-design models engaging diverse user groups;

  • multimodal narrative interfaces adapted to visitors’ sensory and cognitive profiles;

  • flexible exhibition formats evolving through continuous feedback;

  • qualitative and quantitative indicators to monitor perceived accessibility;

  • cross-media communication strategies designed for inclusive pre-visit engagement.

A systemic challenge: the time for accessibility is now

With the upcoming enforcement of the European Accessibility Act, cultural institutions must make a crucial choice: restrict themselves to minimal compliance, or embrace accessibility as a strategic lever.

Thanks to years of research and pioneering projects, our studio is ready to provide a vision and a method combining scientific rigour, design empathy and operational feasibility.

For further details on our methodology: Design for All process.

References and resources:

Design for All Italia: a new space in our portfolio

A new section has been added to our portfolio, dedicated to projects developed in collaboration with the association Design for All Italia. This page brings together concrete experiences, shaped through a structured process focused on impact: that of accessible design driven by process.

In recent years, our studio has contributed to design initiatives where accessibility is seen as a strategic driver for innovation. The case studies presented in this section are tangible examples of how Design for All can translate into functional, intelligent, and transferable solutions.

Among these projects are technological systems and retail spaces in which the user experience has been reimagined starting from real needs, usage evidence, and field observation. Our contribution has ranged from user research to usability testing, from co-design workshops to the validation of inclusive solutions.

One of the central goals was to ensure comprehensibility and comfort in the interaction with new technologies, avoiding the risk that innovation becomes a barrier. Self-checkout systems, smart devices, multisensory interfaces, and cashless environments were analyzed in depth, with the direct involvement of users with different profiles in terms of age, ability, and digital familiarity.

The new page is available at this link. It provides an overview of the project contexts, a summary of the activities carried out, and the benefits generated in each case. It’s a space that documents a process: accessible design as an evidence-based approach, capable of creating measurable value for businesses and improving the experience for everyone.

For those interested in exploring the scope and variety of the Design for All approach, we also recommend visiting the case studies published by Design for All Italia. A curated collection of projects, contexts and solutions that demonstrate how inclusive design can generate real impact across diverse sectors — from retail to cultural venues, from technology to services.

see our process

Accessibility and Inclusive Design: how to innovate in Product Design

Accessibility and Inclusive Design:
how to innovate in Product Design

Strategies and approaches for accessible design

In the contemporary design landscape, accessibility is no longer a mere design option, but an ethical and methodological imperative. Inclusive product design is an essential paradigm for the creation of products conceived for universal use, eliminating physical, cognitive and sensory barriers. Technological and methodological innovation plays a cardinal role in guaranteeing a design that contemplates human diversity as an intrinsic value and not as a constraint.

design for All services

The value of Inclusive Design

Integrating accessibility and innovation for a more effective product

A well-designed product must meet ergonomic, intuitive and usability criteria without requiring ex-post adjustments. This implies a design process that synergistically integrates accessibility and design, preventing obstacles and ensuring smooth and immediate interaction. The inclusive approach broadens the target market and increases the perceived value of the product, fostering user loyalty and establishing an innovative and transversal design language.

Principles and strategies of accessible Product Design

Key elements for inclusive and functional design

Innovation in accessible design is based on a few cornerstones:

  • Advanced and adaptive ergonomics: morphological and functional study aimed at minimising fatigue and maximising efficiency of use.
  • Multi-sensory usability: development of design solutions that guarantee natural and immediate interaction, regardless of the user’s skills.
  • Integration of assistive technologies and intelligent materials: use of state-of-the-art solutions to improve usability without compromising aesthetics or structure.

Inclusive design applications in our projects

Concrete experiences and results

Within the design experiences gained by Rodighiero.Design for All, accessibility is configured as a founding principle. Through careful research on materials, ergonomics and interfaces, each product is developed to meet advanced usability criteria, combining aesthetics and functionality in a harmonious balance. Our extensive experience has enabled us to develop products that have won accolades from the public, confirming the validity of our approach.

Thanks to the Design for All design process, characterised by an iterative and user-centred methodology, we have developed a strong design empathy, an essential element for the creation of accessible and effective solutions. Empathy is indeed a determining factor in understanding the real needs of users and translating these needs into concrete and functional innovations.

In our design approach, we constantly ask ourselves fundamental questions that every company should consider in order to develop truly inclusive products, not only from the point of view of usability, but also from an economic and strategic perspective:

  • Will the product be usable by everyone?

  • What difficulties might users experience?

  • What special needs or disabilities might prevent its use?

  • How much more comfortable will it be for everyone if it is accessible and inclusive?

  • How can we integrate accessibility without compromising design?

  • What technologies or materials can improve the user experience for a wider audience?

  • What competitive advantages can an accessible product offer in the market?

  • Can accessibility represent added value for the brand and corporate reputation?

  • How can inclusivity broaden the target market and increase sales?

  • What are the initial costs of accessible design compared to the long-term benefits?

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Towards a new Product Design paradigm

The evolution of accessibility as a driver of innovation

The evolution of Product Design is moving towards an increasingly refined integration of accessibility and inclusiveness. Innovating in this area is not only a matter of satisfying regulatory and social requirements, but represents a competitive strategy capable of generating added value for companies and the community. Inclusive design is not just a trend, but a radical transformation in design culture.

Talking about ergonomics

Contemporary ergonomics, at its most fundamental, aims to optimise human-system interaction in order to promote individual well-being and increase overall operational efficiency. The discipline intervenes through the detailed analysis and conscious design of work environments, equipment, and user interfaces, taking a systemic view that encompasses physiology, psychology, and socio-technical interaction. The applicability of ergonomics extends beyond the work context, permeating home and leisure life, with significant implications in the design of appliances, furniture, tools and digital devices. In each scenario, the goal remains to harmonise the physical and cognitive needs of the individual with the technical and functional characteristics of the systems he or she uses, for a coexistence that prioritises health, safety and effective interactions.

There is also anevolution of contemporary ergonomics, defined as holistic, and outlined by Luigi Bandini Buti, father and founder of the SIE, the Italian Ergonomics Society. It is grafted onto the Holism paradigm, which postulates the insufficiency of reductionist analyses to understand the totality of systemic dynamics. According to this theory, the emergent properties of a system cannot be deduced exclusively from the summation of its constituent parts. This approach criticises the fragmentation of the traditional ergonomic approach, which tends to categorise human-system interaction into watertight compartments such as usability/design, health/work safety, and cognitive ergonomics. Bandini Buti advances the need for a more sophisticated conceptual framework that integrates physical, cognitive and affective variables in ergonomic design, emphasising the pre-eminence of factors such as the individual’s pre-knowledge and capabilities, collective memory, behavioural patterns and emotions. Holistic Ergonomics, therefore, advocates a broadening of the methodological corpus and epistemic tools to address the intrinsic complexity of human interactions in the design of environments, products and systems, proposing a more integrated and less compartmentalised analysis of the human-object interface.

For a final ergonomic evaluation, ergonomic development teams use physical or digital models to emulate the characteristics of the proposed design. These varieties of prototypes are essential to evaluate the interaction between the user and the product under controlled conditions and to detect usability problems before production and market launch. End users are involved in testing these prototypes, providing valuable feedback on their user experience, comfort, and ease of interaction through interviews, usability tests, and specially constructed questionnaires to collect meaningful data. During the analysis of the results, the quantitative and qualitative metrics collected are examined, such as task execution time, performance accuracy, and subjective user responses regarding comfort and satisfaction. This data is then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the solutions. Therefore, when a product or part of it is designated as ‘ergonomic’, this emphasises and means that the entire process of ergonomic analysis and synthesis has been carried out. The effectiveness of the ergonomic solution is assessed in relation to the information, the ergonomic object does not exist as an absolute entity, but is the result of comparing different solutions, with the aim of identifying the one that offers the greatest comfort and performance according also to the objectives defined in the project brief.

As part of the ergonomic development of aids for people with disabilities, Ponte Giulio has adopted a research and development process aimed at optimising the ergonomic performance of its products. For example, the design of handles and safety grips reflects an in-depth investigation of the physical and perceptual interactions between the user and the aid. Technological advances and manufacturing capabilities have enabled the exploration and adoption of shapes and materials that offer superior tactile and perceptual comfort. The evolution of these devices takes place through an iterative process, where each new solution is compared with previous versions through an analysis also based on anthropometric parameters, human capabilities, needs and feedback gathered over time from users and customers. This allows the design to be continuously refined, improving grip and functional effectiveness, ensuring that the aids not only meet safety requirements but also promote comfort to enhance quality of life.

As we increasingly work towards improving the standards of everyday life, the path towards more advanced solutions is an intricate web of variables. The multiplicity of design features that designers and universities have analysed over time has generated much more articulated and efficient disciplines and processes. In addition to ergonomics, inclusive disciplines and problem-solving methodologies have emerged that embrace, for example, human diversity and multiple contexts of use. These approaches integrate more complex strategies and methodologies, overcoming the limitations of the traditional ergonomic process to embrace a broader and more integrated view of design.

 

The Prime washbasin lands on TV

There is no greater satisfaction for a design studio than seeing its products in use and visible in everyday life. Even more so than sales. This is the case of the Prime washbasin, selected by the RAI production for the television series ‘Lea – Un nuovo giorno‘ developed over 4 episodes. Designed by Francesco Rodighiero, it respects the principles of Design for All and has obtained the Quality Mark released by the Design for All Italia Association.

The construction of the set involved the installation of three countertop washbasins with mixers chosen and suggested by the washbasin manufacturer. Goman actually supplied the elements requested by the manufacturer, which we thank for their courtesy.

We can assume, almost with certainty, that the choice of the product is attributable not only to its functional characteristics. But also for the desire not to use particularly characterising and stigmatised hospital washbasins, which are very common in various facilities in Italy and abroad. It is all the more pleasing, therefore, at least to think that there was an idea to present a bathroom with innovative and expressive Italian design elements.

Design for All, Wikipedia: an incorrect definition with no solution

Design for All, Wikipedia: an incorrect definition with no solution.

Since several years, some members of the Design For All Italia Association have tried to revise the Wikipedia article that can be read online. Despite various attempts, the proposed changes are not accepted and a profound misunderstanding remains. Comparing or matching Design for All with Universal Design is incorrect precisely because they are profoundly different design approaches. Universal Design, Design for All, Inclusive Design, Human Centered Design, and many other design methods, work in the same direction: improving the quality of life and autonomy, empowering users, even if each has its own specifics and shared characteristics.

The official definition, which you can also find on this website with the appropriate insights, from the Stockholm Declaration of the EIDD of 2004, is the following:

Design for All is design for human diversity, social inclusion and equality. This holistic and innovative approach constitutes a creative and ethical challenge for all planners, designers, entrepreneurs, administrators and political leaders. Design for All aims to enable all people to have equal opportunities to participate in every aspect of society. To achieve this, the built environment, everyday objects, services, culture and information – in short, everything that is designed and made by people to be used by people – must be accessible, convenient for everyone in society to use and responsive to evolving human diversity. The practice of Design for All makes conscious use of the analysis of human needs and aspirations and requires the involvement of end users at every stage in the design process.

It seems immediately obvious that the 7 principles of Universal Design cannot be compared to Design for All, but rather to some principles of contemporary ergonomics. While on the one hand we are talking about a holistic approach and therefore about the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge, on the other hand we are talking about respecting and applying a list of indications in order to be able to make the project fall within a discipline. Moreover, Design for All involves the end users and all stakeholders in the development of the project, while Universal Design does not make explicit the participatory aspect, and even less the respect for the dignity of individuals.

The Design for All Process

On this last point, Design for All is becoming more and more up-to-date and has anticipated by several years what is now referred to as co-design. The results of the Design for All process, in this way, are extremely more refined because they are able to collect and analyse expressed and submerged needs, trying to find one or more suitable solutions. We will return to the importance of the process and how it can be applied in practice in another article.This is necessary in order to motivate the involvement of the actors, not merely passive to validate the project, but encouraged to contribute their experience and creativity.

Project for disabled people, people with disabilities. It’s not a matter of language.

Project for disabled people, project for people with disabilities.

Apparently it may seem to be a matter of language. Current language and its forms of application remain as an expression of culture, degree of civilisation, way of thinking, and level of attention. Some contemporary authors, indeed, define human language as an instrument of thinking.

The Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities

Convenzione dei diritti umani per le persone con disabilità

Following an evolutionary process of current language that always tends to improve also in relation to the respect and sensitivity of individuals, the choices made by important government institutions such as the UN with the “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” are evident. Persons with disabilities is the term officially used by the Italian State, in all likelihood in order to focus attention on the person and not on the pathology or physical condition.

This choice and this expression, when it’s in relation to or accompanied by the project, supports its innovative and contemporary meaning (from the Latin: pro in advance jacere throw; what is thrown in advance). Moreover, providing design services, products, or anything else for the disabled or differently abled is almost an oxymoron: what can improve quality of life, autonomy and the right to access and use is opposed by respect for people.

Even more than architectural barriers, then, it’s cultural barrier that can have a major social impact on the disciplines and manifestations of human activity. The ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) had already laid the foundations for revising certain paradigms: “Disabilities are the result of the interaction between people affected by physical and mental impairments, the obstacles posed by the environment and the behaviour of others that prevent effective and full social integration on the basis of a principle of equality between men.”

Once again, Design for All is more far-sighted and discreet when it comes to human diversity, including in relation to desires and ambitions.

Design for accessibility and beauty

1. It works but I I don’t like it therefore I won’t use it.

2. Design for the real people. Problem solving is not enough.

3. A multitude of solutions: research is needed to not reinvent the wheel.

4. The dignity as unknown unquantifiable.

Once more Design for All, after several decades, it is still the best approach for the design. Unlike other approaches, many born recently, it gives priority to the dignity of persons. “Design for all” pushes constantly toward a more sensitive design thinking which allows a better final result often winner.
In some cases, even, it’s hard to see the inclusive qualities of the project and it becomes part of most common design context. There is then the possibility to turn a solution in a gadget, an accessory into a decorative moment. Is this little?

Vedi altri progetti di Hackability

5. The solution: Design for All + Poetry = Bingo

In 2015 in a lecture about Design for All at the Politecnico of Milan Avril Accolla talked about an exemplary project on how “inclusion” can be developed within a project. The inclined square of the Oslo Opera House: a project that makes people to talk about it and maybe even discuss but the core meaning was elsewhere.

6. Design tips

  1. Talk and get opinion from different people (see Hackability, it’s a statement).
  2. Do a long and thorough research of the products and of existing solutions.
  3. Start from the system and change it according to the context and user needs.
  4. Design as if you are designing for yourself or for the best client/company.
  5. Remember that the human body is a tool and each part can help you.
  6. Do not ever try to hide or camouflage the product, sometimes visibility can be an advantage..
  7. Remember that disability is variable and customization is important.
  8. Use the technology that is more useful.
  9. Do user testing with real end users: from them you’ll receive the best insights.
  10. If you can, make your project Opensource.

I sincerely thank Prof. Luigi Bandini Buti, teacher and friend. Much comes from peaceful dialogues and difficult discussions.

Francesco Rodighiero

Many thanks to Manu Zeta for the translation. Without her, I’ll be lost.

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